Understanding Dengue: Key Facts, Symptoms, Transmission, Prevention, and WHO Response

The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported a significant increase in dengue cases worldwide, with an estimated 100–400 million infections occurring each year. Dengue, also known as break-bone fever, is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, primarily the Aedes aegypti mosquito.

While many dengue infections are asymptomatic or produce only mild illness, the virus can occasionally cause more severe cases, and even death. Symptoms of dengue include high fever, headache, body aches, nausea, and rash. In severe cases, dengue can be fatal.

Prevention and control of dengue depend on vector control, as there is currently no specific treatment for dengue/severe dengue. Early detection and access to proper medical care greatly lower fatality rates of severe dengue.

The incidence of dengue has grown dramatically in recent decades, with cases reported to WHO increasing from 505,430 cases in 2000 to 5.2 million in 2019. The highest number of dengue cases was recorded in 2023, affecting over 80 countries in all regions of WHO.

To lower the risk of dengue, individuals are advised to protect themselves from mosquito bites by using mosquito nets, wearing protective clothing, and using mosquito repellents. Mosquito breeding can be prevented by proper waste disposal and removing standing water sources.

WHO responds to dengue outbreaks by supporting countries in outbreak confirmation, providing technical support and guidance, and formulating evidence-based strategies and policies. Several vaccines are under evaluation for dengue prevention.

With the increasing global burden of dengue, it is crucial for individuals to take preventive measures and seek medical care if they experience symptoms of dengue. Stay informed and stay safe to combat the spread of this viral infection.